Add: circular buffer implementation.

data structure used for producer consumer situations. Allows reading and
writing so long as there is data and the buffer is not full,
respectively.

data_structures/Buffers/CircularBuffer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+public class CircularBuffer {
+    private char[] _buffer;
+    public final int _buffer_size;
+    private int _write_index = 0;
+    private int _read_index = 0;
+    private AtomicInteger _readable_data = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+    public CircularBuffer(int buffer_size) {
+        if(!IsPowerOfTwo(buffer_size)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+        this._buffer_size = buffer_size;
+        _buffer = new char[buffer_size];
+    }
+
+    private boolean IsPowerOfTwo(int i) {
+        return (i & (i - 1)) == 0;
+    }
+
+    private int getTrueIndex(int i) {
+        return i % _buffer_size;
+    }
+
+    public Character readOutChar() {
+        Character result = null;
+
+        //if we have data to read
+        if(_readable_data.get() > 0) {
+            result = new Character(_buffer[getTrueIndex(_read_index)]);
+            _readable_data.decrementAndGet();
+            _read_index++;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public boolean writeToCharBuffer(char c) {
+        boolean result = false;
+
+        //if we can write to the buffer
+        if(_readable_data.get() < _buffer_size) {
+            //write to buffer
+            _buffer[getTrueIndex(_write_index)] = c;
+            _readable_data.incrementAndGet();
+            _write_index++;
+            result = true;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static class TestWriteWorker implements Runnable {
+        String _alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
+        Random _random = new Random();
+        CircularBuffer _buffer;
+        public TestWriteWorker(CircularBuffer cb) {
+            this._buffer = cb;
+        }
+
+        private char getRandomChar() {
+            return _alphabet.charAt(_random.nextInt(_alphabet.length()));
+        }
+
+        public void run() {
+            while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
+                if(!_buffer.writeToCharBuffer(getRandomChar())){
+                    Thread.yield();
+                    try{
+                        Thread.sleep(10);
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class TestReadWorker implements Runnable {
+        CircularBuffer _buffer;
+        public TestReadWorker(CircularBuffer cb) {
+            this._buffer = cb;
+        }
+
+        public void run() {
+            System.out.println("Printing Buffer:");
+            while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
+                Character c = _buffer.readOutChar();
+                if(c != null) {
+                    System.out.print(c.charValue());
+                } else {
+                    Thread.yield();
+                    try {
+                        Thread.sleep(10);
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                        System.out.println();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
+        int buffer_size = 1024;
+        //create circular buffer
+        CircularBuffer cb = new CircularBuffer(buffer_size);
+
+        //create threads that read and write the buffer.
+        Thread write_thread = new Thread(new TestWriteWorker(cb));
+        Thread read_thread = new Thread(new TestReadWorker(cb));
+        read_thread.start();
+        write_thread.start();
+
+        //wait some amount of time
+        Thread.sleep(10000);
+
+        //interrupt threads and exit
+        write_thread.interrupt();
+        read_thread.interrupt();
+    }
+}