Inverse Of a Square Matrix [Hacktoberfest] (#2582)

Co-authored-by: Andrii Siriak <siryaka@gmail.com>

Misc/InverseOfMatrix.java

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package Misc;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+ 
+/*
+* Wikipedia link : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible_matrix
+*
+* Here we use gauss elimination method to find the inverse of a given matrix.
+* To understand gauss elimination method to find inverse of a matrix: https://www.sangakoo.com/en/unit/inverse-matrix-method-of-gaussian-elimination
+*
+* We can also find the inverse of a matrix 
+*/
+public class InverseOfMatrix 
+{
+    public static void main(String argv[]) 
+    {
+        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
+        System.out.println("Enter the matrix size (Square matrix only): ");
+        int n = input.nextInt();
+        double a[][]= new double[n][n];
+        System.out.println("Enter the elements of matrix: ");
+        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
+            for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
+                a[i][j] = input.nextDouble();
+ 
+        double d[][] = invert(a);
+        System.out.println();
+        System.out.println("The inverse is: ");
+        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
+        {
+            for (int j=0; j<n; ++j)
+            {
+                System.out.print(d[i][j]+"  ");
+            }
+            System.out.println();
+        }
+        input.close();
+    }	
+ 
+    public static double[][] invert(double a[][]) 
+    {
+        int n = a.length;
+        double x[][] = new double[n][n];
+        double b[][] = new double[n][n];
+        int index[] = new int[n];
+        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
+            b[i][i] = 1;
+ 
+ // Transform the matrix into an upper triangle
+        gaussian(a, index);
+ 
+ // Update the matrix b[i][j] with the ratios stored
+        for (int i=0; i<n-1; ++i)
+            for (int j=i+1; j<n; ++j)
+                for (int k=0; k<n; ++k)
+                    b[index[j]][k]
+                    	    -= a[index[j]][i]*b[index[i]][k];
+ 
+ // Perform backward substitutions
+        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
+        {
+            x[n-1][i] = b[index[n-1]][i]/a[index[n-1]][n-1];
+            for (int j=n-2; j>=0; --j) 
+            {
+                x[j][i] = b[index[j]][i];
+                for (int k=j+1; k<n; ++k) 
+                {
+                    x[j][i] -= a[index[j]][k]*x[k][i];
+                }
+                x[j][i] /= a[index[j]][j];
+            }
+        }
+        return x;
+    }
+ 
+// Method to carry out the partial-pivoting Gaussian
+// elimination.  Here index[] stores pivoting order.
+ 
+    public static void gaussian(double a[][], int index[]) 
+    {
+        int n = index.length;
+        double c[] = new double[n];
+ 
+ // Initialize the index
+        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
+            index[i] = i;
+ 
+ // Find the rescaling factors, one from each row
+        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
+        {
+            double c1 = 0;
+            for (int j=0; j<n; ++j) 
+            {
+                double c0 = Math.abs(a[i][j]);
+                if (c0 > c1) c1 = c0;
+            }
+            c[i] = c1;
+        }
+ 
+ // Search the pivoting element from each column
+        int k = 0;
+        for (int j=0; j<n-1; ++j) 
+        {
+            double pi1 = 0;
+            for (int i=j; i<n; ++i) 
+            {
+                double pi0 = Math.abs(a[index[i]][j]);
+                pi0 /= c[index[i]];
+                if (pi0 > pi1) 
+                {
+                    pi1 = pi0;
+                    k = i;
+                }
+            }
+   // Interchange rows according to the pivoting order
+            int itmp = index[j];
+            index[j] = index[k];
+            index[k] = itmp;
+            for (int i=j+1; i<n; ++i) 	
+            {
+                double pj = a[index[i]][j]/a[index[j]][j];
+ 
+ // Record pivoting ratios below the diagonal
+                a[index[i]][j] = pj;
+ 
+ // Modify other elements accordingly
+                for (int l=j+1; l<n; ++l)
+                    a[index[i]][l] -= pj*a[index[j]][l];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}