The Algorithms - Java

All algorithms implemented in Java (for education)

These are for demonstration purposes only. There are many implementations of sorts in the Java standard library that are much better for performance reasons.

Sort Algorithms

Bubble

From Wikipedia: Bubble sort, sometimes referred to as sinking sort, is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list to be sorted, compares each pair of adjacent items and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. The pass through the list is repeated until no swaps are needed, which indicates that the list is sorted.

Properties

• Worst case performance O(n^2)
• Best case performance O(n)
• Average case performance O(n^2)

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Insertion

From Wikipedia: Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array (or list) one item at a time. It is much less efficient on large lists than more advanced algorithms such as quicksort, heapsort, or merge sort.

Properties

• Worst case performance O(n^2)
• Best case performance O(n)
• Average case performance O(n^2)

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Merge

From Wikipedia: In computer science, merge sort (also commonly spelled mergesort) is an efficient, general-purpose, comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations produce a stable sort, which means that the implementation preserves the input order of equal elements in the sorted output. Mergesort is a divide and conquer algorithm that was invented by John von Neumann in 1945.

Properties

• Worst case performance O(n log n)
• Best case performance O(n)
• Average case performance O(n)

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Quick

From Wikipedia: Quicksort (sometimes called partition-exchange sort) is an efficient sorting algorithm, serving as a systematic method for placing the elements of an array in order.

Properties

• Worst case performance O(n^2)
• Best case performance O(n log n) or O(n) with three-way partition
• Average case performance O(n^2)

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Selection

From Wikipedia: The algorithm divides the input list into two parts: the sublist of items already sorted, which is built up from left to right at the front (left) of the list, and the sublist of items remaining to be sorted that occupy the rest of the list. Initially, the sorted sublist is empty and the unsorted sublist is the entire input list. The algorithm proceeds by finding the smallest (or largest, depending on sorting order) element in the unsorted sublist, exchanging (swapping) it with the leftmost unsorted element (putting it in sorted order), and moving the sublist boundaries one element to the right.

Properties

• Worst case performance O(n^2)
• Best case performance O(n^2)
• Average case performance O(n^2)

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Shell

From Wikipedia: Shellsort is a generalization of insertion sort that allows the exchange of items that are far apart. The idea is to arrange the list of elements so that, starting anywhere, considering every nth element gives a sorted list. Such a list is said to be h-sorted. Equivalently, it can be thought of as h interleaved lists, each individually sorted.

Properties

• Worst case performance O(nlog2 2n)
• Best case performance O(n log n)
• Average case performance depends on gap sequence

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Time-Compexity Graphs

Comparing the complexity of sorting algorithms (Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort)

Complexity Graphs

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Search Algorithms

Linear

From Wikipedia: linear search or sequential search is a method for finding a target value within a list. It sequentially checks each element of the list for the target value until a match is found or until all the elements have been searched. Linear search runs in at worst linear time and makes at most n comparisons, where n is the length of the list.

Properties

• Worst case performance O(n)
• Best case performance O(1)
• Average case performance O(n)
• Worst case space complexity O(1) iterative

Binary

From Wikipedia: Binary search, also known as half-interval search or logarithmic search, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. It compares the target value to the middle element of the array; if they are unequal, the half in which the target cannot lie is eliminated and the search continues on the remaining half until it is successful.

Properties

• Worst case performance O(log n)
• Best case performance O(1)
• Average case performance O(log n)
• Worst case space complexity O(1)

From Wikipedia: Shellsort is a generalization of insertion sort that allows the exchange of items that are far apart. The idea is to arrange the list of elements so that, starting anywhere, considering every nth element gives a sorted list. Such a list is said to be h-sorted. Equivalently, it can be thought of as h interleaved lists, each individually sorted.

Properties

• Worst case performance O(nlog2 2n)
• Best case performance O(n log n)
• Average case performance depends on gap sequence

View the algorithm in action