translation: first half of 3.2
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Ruoran Wang
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7. Each object in the database has a unique address.
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<br >
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### <h3 id="3.2">3.2 功能符<h3/>
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Functions | Key-value pairs | Examples
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------------ | ------------ | ------------
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Get data in arrays | `"key[]":{}`<br > The part after the colon is a JSONObject. *key* is optional. When *key* is the same as the table name , the JSONObject will be in a simplified form. For example, `{Table:{Content}}` will be written as `{Content}`.| [{"User[]":{"User":{}}}](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User[]":{"count":3,"User":{}}}) is used for getting data from a user. Here, key and tablename are all “User”,then `{"User":{"id", ...}}` will be written as` {"id", ...}`
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Get data that meets specific conditions | `"key{}":[]`<br >The part after the colon is a JSONArray with conditions inside.| ["id{}":[38710,82001,70793]](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User[]":{"count":3,"User":{"id{}":[38710,82001,70793]}}}). In SQL, this would be `id IN(38710,82001,70793)`. It means getting data with id equals 38710,82001,70793.
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Get data with comparison operation| `"key{}":"condition0,condition1..."`<br >Conditions can be any SQL comparision operation. Use''to include any non-number characters.| ["id{}":"<=80000,\>90000"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User[]":{"count":3,"User":{"id{}":"<=80000,\>90000"}}})，In SQL, it'd be `id<=80000 OR id>90000`, which means get User array with id\<=80000 \| id>90000
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Get data that contains an element | "key<\>":Object => "key<\>":[Object] <br > *key* must be a JSONArray while *Object* cannot be JSON.| ["contactIdList<\>":38710](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User[]":{"count":3,"User":{"contactIdList<\>":38710}}}). In SQL, this would be`json_contains(contactIdList,38710)`.It means find data of the User whose contactList contains 38710.
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See if it exists |` "key}{@":{<br /> "from":"Table",<br /> "Table":{ ... }<br />}`<br /><br />}{ means EXISTS;<br /> *key* is the one you want to check.| ["id}{@":{<br /> "from":"Comment",<br /> "Comment":{<br /> "momentId":15 <br /> }<br />}](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User":{"id}{@":{"from":"Comment","Comment":{"momentId":15}}}})<br /> WHERE EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Comment WHERE momentId=15)
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Include functions in parameters | `"key()":"function (key0,key1...)"`<br >This will trigger the back-end `function(JSONObject request, String key0, String key1...)`to get or testify data.<br> Use - and + to show the order of priority: analyze key-() > analyze the current object > analyze key() > analyze child object > analyze key+()| ["isPraised()":"isContain(praiseUserIdList,userId)"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"Moment":{"id":301,"isPraised()":"isContain(praiseUserIdList,userId)"}}). This will use function boolean isContain(JSONObject request, String array, String value). In this case, client will get “is praised”: true(In this case, client use function to testify if a user clicked ‘like’ button for a post.)
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Refer a value | `"key@":"key0/key1/.../refKey"`<br >Use / to show path. The part before the colon is the key that wants to refer. The path after the colon starts with the parent level of the key.| ["Moment":{<br /> "userId":38710<br />},<br />"User":{<br /> "id@":"/Moment/userId"<br />}](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"Moment":{"userId":38710},"User":{"id@":"%252FMoment%252FuserId"}})<br /> In this example, the value of id in User refer to the *userId *in *Moment*, which means `User.id = Moment.userId`. After the request is sent, `"id@":"/Moment/userId"` will be `"id":38710`.
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子查询 | "key@":{<br /> "range": "ALL", <br /> "from":"Table",<br /> "Table":{ ... }<br />}<br />其中：<br />range 可为 ALL,ANY；<br />from 为目标表 Table 的名称；<br />@ 后面的对象类似数组对象，可使用 count 和 join 等功能。 | ["id@":{<br /> "from":"Comment",<br /> "Comment":{<br /> "@column":"min(userId)" <br /> }<br />}](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User":{"id@":{"from":"Comment","Comment":{"@column":"min(userId)"}}}})<br /> WHERE id=(SELECT min(userId) FROM Comment)
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模糊搜索 | "key$":"SQL搜索表达式" => "key$":["SQL搜索表达式"]，任意SQL搜索表达式字符串，如 %key%(包含key), key%(以key开始), %k%e%y%(包含字母k,e,y) 等，%表示任意字符 | ["name$":"%m%"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User[]":{"count":3,"User":{"name$":"%2525m%2525"}}})，对应SQL是`name LIKE '%m%'`，查询name包含"m"的一个User数组
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正则匹配 | "key~":"正则表达式" => "key~":["正则表达式"]，任意正则表达式字符串，如 ^[0-9]+$ ，*~ 忽略大小写，可用于高级搜索 | ["name~":"^[0-9]+$"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User[]":{"count":3,"User":{"name~":"^[0-9]%252B$"}}})，对应SQL是`name REGEXP '^[0-9]+$'`，查询name中字符全为数字的一个User数组
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连续范围 | "key%":"start,end" => "key%":["start,end"]，其中 start 和 end 都只能为 Boolean, Number, String 中的一种，如 "2017-01-01,2019-01-01" ，["1,90000", "82001,100000"] ，可用于连续范围内的筛选 | ["date%":"2017-10-01,2018-10-01"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User[]":{"count":3,"User":{"date%2525":"2017-10-01,2018-10-01"}}})，对应SQL是`date BETWEEN '2017-10-01' AND '2018-10-01'`，查询在2017-10-01和2018-10-01期间注册的用户的一个User数组
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新建别名 | "name:alias"，name映射为alias，用alias替代name。可用于 column,Table,SQL函数 等。只用于GET类型、HEAD类型的请求 | ["@column":"toId:parentId"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"Comment":{"@column":"id,toId:parentId","id":51}})，对应SQL是`toId AS parentId`，将查询的字段toId变为parentId返回
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增加 或 扩展 | "key+":Object，Object的类型由key指定，且类型为Number,String,JSONArray中的一种。如 82001,"apijson",["url0","url1"] 等。只用于PUT请求 | "praiseUserIdList+":[82001]，对应SQL是`json_insert(praiseUserIdList,82001)`，添加一个点赞用户id，即这个用户点了赞
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减少 或 去除 | "key-":Object，与"key+"相反 | "balance-":100.00，对应SQL是`balance = balance - 100.00`，余额减少100.00，即花费了100元
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逻辑运算 | &, \|, ! 逻辑运算符，对应数据库 SQL 中的 AND, OR, NOT。 <br />横或纵与：同一字段的值内条件默认 \| 或连接，不同字段的条件默认 & 与连接。 <br /><br />① & 可用于"key&{}":"条件"等<br /><br />② \| 可用于"key\|{}":"条件", "key\|{}":[]等，一般可省略<br /><br />③ ! 可单独使用，如"key!":Object，也可像&,\|一样配合其他功能符使用 | ① ["id&{}":">80000,<=90000"](http://apijson.cn:8080/head/{"User":{"id&{}":">80000,<=90000"}})，对应SQL是`id>80000 AND id<=90000`，即id满足id>80000 & id<=90000<br /><br /> ② ["id\|{}":">90000,<=80000"](http://apijson.cn:8080/head/{"User":{"id\|{}":">90000,<=80000"}})，同"id{}":">90000,<=80000"，对应SQL是`id>80000 OR id<=90000`，即id满足id>90000 \| id<=80000<br /><br /> ③ ["id!{}":[82001,38710]](http://apijson.cn:8080/head/{"User":{"id!{}":[82001,38710]}})，对应SQL是`id NOT IN(82001,38710)`，即id满足 ! (id=82001 \| id=38710)，可过滤黑名单的消息
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数组关键词，可自定义 | "key":Object，key为 "[]":{} 中{}内的关键词，Object的类型由key指定<br /><br />① "count":Integer，查询数量，0 表示最大值，默认最大值为100 <br /><br />② "page":Integer，查询页码，从0开始，默认最大值为100，一般和count一起用<br /><br />③ "query":Integer，查询内容<br />0-对象，1-总数，2-以上全部<br />总数关键词为total，和query同级，通过引用赋值得到，如 "total@":"/[]/total" <br />这里query及total仅为GET类型的请求提供方便，一般可直接用HEAD类型的请求获取总数<br /><br />④ "join":"&/Table0/key0@,\</Table1/key1@"<br />多表连接方式：<br /> "\<" - LEFT JOIN <br /> ">" - RIGHT JOIN <br /> "&" - INNER JOIN <br /> "\|" - FULL JOIN <br /> "!" - OUTTER JOIN <br /> "@" - APP JOIN <br />其中 @ APP JOIN 为应用层连表，会从已查出的主表里取得所有副表 key@ 关联的主表内的 refKey 作为一个数组 refKeys: [value0, value1...]，然后把原来副表 count 次查询 key=$refKey 的 SQL 用 key IN($refKeys) 的方式合并为一条 SQL 来优化性能；<br /> 其它 JOIN 都是 SQL JOIN，具体功能和 MySQL,PostgreSQL 等数据库的 JOIN 一一对应，<br />"ViceTable":{ "key@:".../MainTable/refKey" }<br />会对应生成<br />MainTable ... JOIN ViceTable ON ViceTable.key=MainTable.refKey。 <br /><br />⑤ "otherKey": Object，自定义关键词，名称和以上系统关键词不一样，且原样返回上传的值 | ① 查询User数组，最多5个：<br />["count":5](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"count":5,"User":{}}})<br /><br /> ② 查询第3页的User数组，每页5个：<br />["count":5,<br />"page":3](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"count":5,"page":3,"User":{}}})<br /><br /> ③ 查询User数组和对应的User总数：<br />["[]":{<br /> "query":2,<br /> "User":{}<br />},<br />"total@":"/[]/total"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"query":2,"count":5,"User":{}},"total@":"%252F[]%252Ftotal"})<br />总页数、是否有下一页等信息可通过 total,count,page 得出，<br />总页数 int totalPage = Math.ceil(total \/ count)<br />是否有下一页 boolean hasNextPage = total > count\*page<br />是否为第一页 boolean isFirstPage = page <= 0<br />是否为最后一页 boolean isLastPage = total <= count\*page<br />... <br /><br /> ④ Moment INNER JOIN User LEFT JOIN Comment：<br />["[]":{<br /> "join": "&/User/id@,\</Comment/momentId@",<br /> "Moment":{},<br /> "User":{<br /> "name~":"t",<br /> "id@": "/Moment/userId"<br /> },<br /> "Comment":{<br /> "momentId@": "/Moment/id"<br /> }<br />}](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"count":5,"join":"&%252FUser%252Fid@,\<%252FComment%252FmomentId@","Moment":{"@column":"id,userId,content"},"User":{"name~":"t","id@":"%252FMoment%252FuserId","@column":"id,name,head"},"Comment":{"momentId@":"%252FMoment%252Fid","@column":"id,momentId,content"}}})<br /><br /> ⑤ 每一层都加当前用户名：<br />["User":{},<br />"[]":{<br /> "name@":"User/name", //自定义关键词<br /> "Moment":{}<br />}](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User":{},"[]":{"name@":"User%252Fname","Moment":{}}})
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对象关键词，可自定义 | "@key":Object，@key为 Table:{} 中{}内的关键词，Object的类型由@key指定<br /><br />① "@combine":"&key0,&key1,\|key2,key3,<br />!key4,!key5,&key6,key7..."，条件组合方式，\| 可省略。会自动把同类的合并，外层按照 & \| ! 顺序，内层的按传参顺序组合成<br /> (key0 & key1 & key6 & 其它key) & (key2 \| key3 \| key7) & !(key4 \| key5) <br />这种连接方式，其中 "其它key" 是指与 @combine 在同一对象，且未被它声明的条件 key，默认都是 & 连接 <br /><br />② "@column":"column;function(arg)..."，返回字段<br /><br />③ "@order":"column0+,column1-..."，排序方式<br /><br />④ "@group":"column0,column1..."，分组方式。如果@column里声明了Table的id，则id也必须在@group中声明；其它情况下必须满足至少一个条件:<br />1.分组的key在@column里声明<br />2.Table主键在@group中声明 <br /><br />⑤ "@having":"function0(...)?value0;function1(...)?value1;function2(...)?value2..."，SQL函数条件，一般和@group一起用，函数一般在@column里声明<br /><br />⑥ "@schema":"sys"，集合空间(模式)，非默认的值可通过它来指定，可以在最外层作为全局默认配置<br /><br />⑦ "@database":"POSTGRESQL"，跨数据库，非默认的值可通过它来指定，可以在最外层作为全局默认配置<br /><br />⑧ "@role": "OWNER"，来访角色，包括<br />UNKNOWN,LOGIN,CONTACT,CIRCLE,OWNER,ADMIN，<br />可以在最外层作为全局默认配置，<br />可自定义其它角色并重写 Verifier.verify 等相关方法来自定义校验。 <br /><br />⑨ "@explain": true，性能分析，可以在最外层作为全局默认配置 <br /><br />⑩ "@otherKey": Object，自定义关键词，名称和以上系统关键词不一样，且原样返回上传的值 | ① 搜索name或tag任何一个字段包含字符a的User列表：<br />["name~":"a",<br />"tag~":"a",<br />"@combine":"name~,tag~"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User[]":{"count":10,"User":{"@column":"id,name,tag","name~":"a","tag~":"a","@combine":"name~,tag~"}}})<br /><br /> ② 只查询id,sex,name这几列并且请求结果也按照这个顺序：<br />["@column":"id,sex,name"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User":{"@column":"id,sex,name","id":38710}})<br /><br /> ③ 查询按 name降序、id默认顺序 排序的User数组：<br />["@order":"name-,id"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"count":10,"User":{"@column":"name,id","@order":"name-,id"}}})<br /><br /> ④ 查询按userId分组的Moment数组：<br />["@group":"userId,id"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"count":10,"Moment":%7B"@column":"userId,id","@group":"userId,id"}}})<br /><br /> ⑤ 查询 按userId分组、id最大值>=100 的Moment数组：<br />["@column":"userId;max(id)",<br />"@group":"userId",<br />"@having":"max(id)>=100"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"count":10,"Moment":{"@column":"userId%253Bmax(id)","@group":"userId","@having":"max(id)>=100"}}})<br />还可以指定函数返回名：<br />["@column":"userId;max(id):maxId",<br />"@group":"userId",<br />"@having":"maxId>=100"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"count":10,"Moment":{"@column":"userId%253Bmax(id):maxId","@group":"userId","@having":"maxId>=100"}}})<br /><br /> ⑥ 查询 sys 内的 User 表：<br />["@schema":"sys"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User":{"@schema":"sys"}})<br /><br /> ⑦ 查询 PostgreSQL 数据库的 User 表：<br />["@database":"POSTGRESQL"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User":{"@database":"POSTGRESQL"}})<br /><br /> ⑧ 查询当前用户的动态：<br />["@role":"OWNER"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"Moment":{"@role":"OWNER"}}})<br /><br /> ⑨ 开启性能分析：<br />["@explain":true](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"[]":{"Moment":{"@explain":true}}})<br /><br /> ⑩ 从pictureList获取第0张图片：<br />["@position":0, //自定义关键词<br />"firstPicture()":"getFromArray(pictureList,@position)"](http://apijson.cn:8080/get/{"User":{"id":38710,"@position":0,"firstPicture()":"getFromArray(pictureList,@position)"}})
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