TarsCloud_TarsCpp/test_deprecated/testUtil/example_tc_http.cpp
2020-02-07 13:50:04 +08:00

637 lines
22 KiB
C++

/**
* Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making Tars available.
*
* Copyright (C) 2016 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company. All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the BSD 3-Clause License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
* in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
* under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
* CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
*/
#include "util/tc_socket.h"
#include "util/tc_clientsocket.h"
#include "util/tc_http.h"
#include "util/tc_file.h"
#include "util/tc_epoller.h"
#include "util/tc_common.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <zlib.h>
using namespace tars;
void testTC_HTTPClient()
{
TC_HttpRequest stHttpReq;
stHttpReq.setCacheControl("no-cache");
stHttpReq.setUserAgent("Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)");
// stHttpReq.setGetRequest("http://www.baidu.com");
// stHttpReq.setGetRequest("http://www.google.com");
stHttpReq.setGetRequest("http://s39.cnzz.com/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
// stHttpReq.setGetRequest("http://172.23.154.13:8080/");
// stHttpReq.setGetRequest("http://172.25.38.67:8080");
// stHttpReq.setGetRequest("http://172.27.31.50:8090/mqqservice/jiaxin.jsp?qq=39067484&type=4");
string sSendBuffer = stHttpReq.encode();
cout << sSendBuffer << endl;
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
TC_HttpResponse stHttpRep;
int iRet = stHttpReq.doRequest(stHttpRep, 3000);
if(iRet != 0)
{
cout << iRet << endl;
}
cout << TC_Common::tostr(stHttpRep.getHeaders()) << endl;
string r = stHttpRep.encode();
// cout << r << endl;
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
TC_File::save2file("tmp.html", stHttpRep.getContent());
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
cout << stHttpRep.getContent().length() << endl;
}
void testHttpHeader1()
{
string s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
s += "Server:nginx/0.6.39\r\n";
s += "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n";
s += "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n";
TC_Http::http_header_type m;
TC_Http::parseHeader(s.c_str(), m);
cout << TC_Common::tostr(m) << endl;
TC_Http t;
t.setHeader("abc", "def");
t.setHeader("abC", "def");
m = t.getHeaders();
cout << TC_Common::tostr(m) << endl;
}
void testHttp1()
{
TC_HttpRequest stHttpReq;
// stHttpReq.setGetRequest("http://www.baidu.com");
// stHttpReq.setGetRequest("http://www.google.com");
// stHttpReq.setGetRequest("https://s39.cnzz.com:8080/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2", true);
string a;
stHttpReq.setPostRequest("https://s39.cnzz.com:8080/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2", a, true );
cout << stHttpReq.encode() << endl;
cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getHost() << endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() << endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getRequest() << endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestParam() << endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() << endl;
cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;
string sSendBuffer = stHttpReq.encode();
cout << sSendBuffer << endl;
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
}
void testHttp2()
{
TC_HttpRequest stHttpReq;
stHttpReq.setGetRequest("http://s39.cnzz.com:8080/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2", true);
string sSendBuffer = stHttpReq.encode();
cout << sSendBuffer << endl;
string sHost;
uint32_t iPort;
stHttpReq.getHostPort(sHost, iPort);
cout << "-----" << sHost << ", " << iPort <<endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getHost() << endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() << endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getRequest() << endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestParam() << endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() << endl;
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
}
void testHttpHeader2()
{
string s = string("GET /stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2 HTTP/1.1\r\n")
+string("Host: s39.cnzz.com:8080\r\n")
+string("User-Agent: TC_Http\r\n")
+string("\r\n");
TC_HttpRequest stHttpReq;
stHttpReq.decode(s);
string sDomain;
uint32_t iPort;
stHttpReq.getHostPort(sDomain, iPort);
cout << "getHostPort:" << sDomain << ":" << iPort <<endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getHost() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getHost() == "s39.cnzz.com:8080");
cout << stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() == "http://s39.cnzz.com:8080/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequest() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequest() == "/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestParam() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequestParam() == "id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() == "/stat.php");
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
}
void testHttpHeader3()
{
string s = string("GET /stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2 HTTP/1.1\r\n")
+string("Host: s39.cnzz.com\r\n")
+string("User-Agent: TC_Http\r\n")
+string("\r\n");
TC_HttpRequest stHttpReq;
stHttpReq.decode(s);
string sDomain;
uint32_t iPort;
stHttpReq.getHostPort(sDomain, iPort);
cout << "getHostPort:" << sDomain << ":" << iPort <<endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getHost() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getHost() == "s39.cnzz.com");
cout << stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() == "http://s39.cnzz.com/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequest() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequest() == "/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestParam() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequestParam() == "id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() == "/stat.php");
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
}
void testHttpHeader4()
{
string s = string("GET http://s39.cnzz.com:80/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2 HTTP/1.1\r\n")
+string("User-Agent: TC_Http\r\n")
+string("\r\n");
TC_HttpRequest stHttpReq;
stHttpReq.decode(s);
string sDomain;
uint32_t iPort;
stHttpReq.getHostPort(sDomain, iPort);
cout << "getHostPort:" << sDomain << ":" << iPort <<endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getHost() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getHost() == "s39.cnzz.com");
cout << stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() == "http://s39.cnzz.com/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequest() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequest() == "/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestParam() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequestParam() == "id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() == "/stat.php");
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
}
void testHttpsHeader2()
{
string s = string("GET https://s39.cnzz.com:8080/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2 HTTP/1.1\r\n")
+string("Host: s39.cnzz.com:8080\r\n")
+string("User-Agent: TC_Http\r\n")
+string("\r\n");
TC_HttpRequest stHttpReq;
stHttpReq.decode(s);
string sDomain;
uint32_t iPort;
stHttpReq.getHostPort(sDomain, iPort);
cout << "getHostPort:" << sDomain << ":" << iPort <<endl;
cout << stHttpReq.getHost() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getHost() == "s39.cnzz.com:8080");
cout << stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getOriginRequest() == "https://s39.cnzz.com:8080/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequest() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequest() == "/stat.php?id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestParam() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequestParam() == "id=533357&web_id=533357&show=pic2");
cout << stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() << endl;
assert(stHttpReq.getRequestUrl() == "/stat.php");
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
}
void testEastMoney()
{
string s = string("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n")
+string("Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5\r\n")
+string("Accept-Charset: utf-8,gb2321;q=0.7,*;q=0.7\r\n")
+string("Accept-Encoding: gzip\r\n")
+string("Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5\r\n")
+string("Connection: close\r\n")
+string("Host: www.eastmoney.com\r\n")
+string("Q-GUID: 08f0373a192a45778cc8567d1c641475\r\n")
+string("Q-UA: SQB12_GA/120450&SMTT_3/020100&SYM3&201514&E71&V2\r\n")
+string("User-Agent: E71/SymbianOS/9.1 Series60/3.0\r\n\r\n");
TC_HttpRequest stHttpReq;
stHttpReq.decode(s);
string sSendBuffer = stHttpReq.encode();
cout << sSendBuffer << endl;
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
TC_HttpResponse stHttpRep;
int iRet = stHttpReq.doRequest(stHttpRep, 10000);
if(iRet != 0)
{
cout << iRet << endl;
}
cout << TC_Common::tostr(stHttpRep.getHeaders()) << endl;
// string r = stHttpRep.encode();
// cout << r << endl;
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
TC_File::save2file("tmp.html", stHttpRep.getContent());
cout << "***********************************" << endl;
cout << stHttpRep.getContent().length() << endl;
}
void testHttpResponse()
{
string s = "HTTP/1.1 200 aaa \r\n";// 200 Aouut Error\r\n";
s += "Server:nginx/0.6.39\r\n";
s += "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n";
s += "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n\r\n";
TC_HttpResponse rsp;
rsp.decode(s);
cout << rsp.getAbout() << endl;
cout << rsp.getStatus() << endl;
cout << rsp.getVersion() << endl;
}
void testURL(TC_URL &url, const string &sURL, const string &sURL1)
{
cout << sURL << endl;
url.parseURL(sURL);
cout << "[" << sURL << "] to [" << url.getURL() << "] rootpath:" << url.getRootPath() << " relativePath:" << url.getRelativePath() << endl;
assert(url.getURL() == sURL1);
}
void testBuildURL(TC_URL &url, const string &sURL, const string &sURL1, const string &sURL2)
{
url.parseURL(sURL);
TC_URL u = url.buildWithRelativePath(sURL1);
cout << url.getPath() << endl;
cout << "[" << sURL << "] " << sURL1 << " to [ " << u.getURL() << "] " << endl;
// assert(u.getURL() == sURL2);
}
string simplifyDirectory(const string& path)
{
//所有./都去掉
size_t pos = 0;
string sNewPath = path;
while (true)
{
size_t dotPos = sNewPath.find("./", pos);
if (dotPos != string::npos)
{
if ((dotPos == 0) || (sNewPath.at(dotPos - 1) == '/'))
{
sNewPath.erase(dotPos, 2);
}
else
{
pos = dotPos + 2;
}
}
else
{
break;
}
}
//如果路径是以.结尾的, 则.去掉
if (((sNewPath.length() >= 2) && (sNewPath.substr(sNewPath.length()-2) == "/.")) || (sNewPath == "."))
{
sNewPath.erase(sNewPath.length() - 1);
}
//处理/../的形式
pos = 0;
size_t startPos = 0;
while (1)
{
size_t slashDot = sNewPath.find("/../", pos);
if (slashDot != string::npos)
{
if (0 == slashDot)
{
sNewPath.erase(0, 3);
continue;
}
if ( (slashDot > 1) && (sNewPath.substr(slashDot - 2, 2) == "..") )
{
pos = slashDot + 4;
continue;
}
startPos = sNewPath.rfind('/', slashDot - 1);
if (startPos == string::npos) startPos = 0;
sNewPath.erase(startPos, slashDot + 4 - startPos - 1);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
//处理/..结尾的情况
if ((sNewPath.size() >= 3) && (sNewPath.substr(sNewPath.size() - 3, 3) == "/.."))
{
size_t slashDot = sNewPath.size() - 3;
if (!((slashDot > 1) && (sNewPath.substr(slashDot - 2, 2) == "..")))
{
startPos = sNewPath.rfind ('/', slashDot - 1);
if (startPos == string::npos) startPos = 0;
sNewPath.erase (startPos + 1);
}
}
return sNewPath;
/*
string result = path;
string::size_type pos;
pos = 0;
while((pos = result.find("//", pos)) != string::npos)
{
result.erase(pos, 1);
}
pos = 0;
while((pos = result.find("/./", pos)) != string::npos)
{
result.erase(pos, 2);
}
pos = 0;
while((pos = result.find("/../", pos)) != string::npos)
{
result.erase(pos, 3);
}
while(result.substr(0, 4) == "/../")
{
result.erase(0, 3);
}
if(result == "/.")
{
return result.substr(0, result.size() - 1);
}
if(result.size() >= 2 && result.substr(result.size() - 2, 2) == "/.")
{
result.erase(result.size() - 2, 2);
}
if(result == "/")
{
return result;
}
if(result.size() >= 1 && result[result.size() - 1] == '/')
{
result.erase(result.size() - 1);
}
if(result == "/..")
{
result = "/";
}
return result;
*/
}
void testURL()
{
TC_URL url;
/*
testURL(url, ":pass@www.google.com", "http://www.google.com/");
testURL(url, "http://:pass@www.google.com", "http://www.google.com/");
testURL(url, "http://www.google.com/abc/def", "http://www.google.com/abc/def");
cout << url.getPath() << endl;
cout << url.getQuery() << endl;
testURL(url, "http://user:pass@google.com:99/foo;bar?q=a#ref", "http://user:pass@google.com:99/foo;bar?q=a#ref");
testURL(url, "http://user@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "http://user@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref");
testURL(url, "http://@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "http://www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref");
testURL(url, "http://www.qq.com/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "http://www.qq.com/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref");
testURL(url, "http://www.qq.com?a=b&c=3#ref", "http://www.qq.com/?a=b&c=3#ref");
testURL(url, "http://www.qq.com#ref", "http://www.qq.com/#ref");
testURL(url, "http://www.qq.com?#ref", "http://www.qq.com/#ref");
testURL(url, "http://:pass@www.google.com", "http://www.google.com/"),
testURL(url, "http://:@www.google.com", "http://www.google.com/"),
testURL(url, "ftp://user:password@www.qq.com:21/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "ftp://user:password@www.qq.com/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref");
testURL(url, "https://user:password@www.qq.com:433/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "https://user:password@www.qq.com/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref");
testURL(url, "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref");
*/
testBuildURL(url, "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "abc/def", "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/abc/def");
testBuildURL(url, "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "/abc/def", "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/def");
testBuildURL(url, "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "../../abc/def", "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/def");
testBuildURL(url, "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/dev/query?a=b&c=3#ref", "#abc", "https://user:password@www.qq.com:8080/abc/def");
testBuildURL(url, "http://www.qq.com", "#abc", "http://www.qq.com/#abc");
testBuildURL(url, "http://www.qq.com/a/b", "#abc", "http://www.qq.com/#abc");
testBuildURL(url, "http://www.qq.com/a/b", "../../#abc", "http://www.qq.com/#abc");
testBuildURL(url, "http://www.qq.com/a/b", "./../../#abc", "http://www.qq.com/#abc");
testBuildURL(url, "http://www.qq.com/a/b/", "../#abc", "http://www.qq.com/#abc");
testBuildURL(url, "http://www.qq.com/a/b/", "../abc/def/..", "http://www.qq.com/#abc");
testBuildURL(url, "http://www.qq.com/a/b", "../abc/def/../../.", "http://www.qq.com/#abc");
}
void testCookie(const string &sRspURL, const string &sReqURL, const vector<string> &vsCookie)
{
cout << sRspURL << "=>" << sReqURL << "-----------------------------------" << endl;
TC_HttpCookie cookie;
cookie.addCookie(sRspURL, vsCookie);
list<TC_HttpCookie::Cookie> vCookie = cookie.getAllCookie();
cout << "All Cookie:" << sRspURL << "-----------------------------------" << endl;
list<TC_HttpCookie::Cookie>::iterator it = vCookie.begin();
while(it != vCookie.end())
{
cout << TC_Common::tostr(it->_data.begin(), it->_data.end(), "; ") << ", " << it->_expires << ", " << it->_path << endl;
++it;
}
cout << "-----------------------------------" << endl << endl;
string sCookie;
cookie.getCookieForURL(sReqURL, sCookie);
cout << TC_Common::tostr(sCookie) << endl;
cout << "-----------------------------------" << endl << endl;
}
void testCookie()
{
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain("qq.com", "www.qq.com") == true);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".qq.com", "www.qq.com") == true);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".qq.com", "qq.com") == true);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain("t.qq.com", "www.qq.com") == false);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".t.qq.com", "www.qq.com") == false);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".t.qq.com", "t.qq.com") == true);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".com", "www.qq.com") == false);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".com", "qq.com") == false);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".y.qq.com", "x.y.qq.com") == true);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".x.y.qq.com", "x.y.qq.com") == true);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".qq.com", "x.y.qq.com") == true);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain(".qq.com", "y.qq.com") == true);
assert(TC_HttpCookie::matchDomain("qq.com", "y.qq.com") == true);
cout << TC_Common::now2GMTstr() << endl;
string gmt = TC_Common::tm2GMTstr(time(NULL) + 10);
string s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";// 200 Aouut Error\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n1=1; a=1; c=d; Path=/; Domain=qq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n2=2; a=0; c=d; Path=/abc/def; Domain=.qq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n3=3; a=5; c=d; Path=/abc/def/aaa; Domain=.qq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n4=4; a=6; c=d; Path=/abc; Domain=.qq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n5=5; a=2; c=d; Path=/; Domain=.qq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n6=6; c=3; Path=/; Domain=y.qq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n7=7; c=3; Path=/abc; Domain=.y.qq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n8=6; c=3; Path=/; Domain=x.y.qq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n9=7; c=4; Path=/; Domain=.x.y.qq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n10=7; c=4; Path=/; Domain=qqq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n11=7; c=4; Path=/; Domain=.qqq.com; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Set-Cookie: n12=8; c=4; Expires=" + gmt + "\r\n";
s += "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n\r\n";
TC_HttpResponse rsp;
rsp.decode(s);
cout << "-----------------------------------" << endl;
vector<string> vsCookie = rsp.getSetCookie();
cout << TC_Common::tostr(vsCookie.begin(), vsCookie.end(), "\r\n") << endl << endl;
testCookie("http://www.qq.com", "http://www.qq.com", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://www.qq.com/abc/def", "http://www.qq.com", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://www.qq.com/abc/def", "http://www.qq.com/abc", vsCookie);
cout << endl;
// sleep(11);
testCookie("http://www.qq.com", "http://qq.com", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://www.qq.com/abc/def/aaa", "http://www.qq.com/abc/def/aaa", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://www.qq.com/abc/def/aaa", "http://www.qq.com", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://www.qq.com", "http://www.qq.com/abc/def", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://qq.com", "http://qq.com/abc/def", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://qq.com", "http://t.qq.com/abc/def", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://qq.com", "http://y.qq.com/", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://qq.com", "http://y.qq.com/abc", vsCookie);
testCookie("http://x.y.qq.com", "http://x.y.qq.com", vsCookie);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
try
{
// testHttp1();
// testHttp2();
// return 0;
cout << "testURL-----------------------------------" << endl;
testURL();
return 0;
cout << "testHttpHeader2-----------------------------------" << endl;
testHttpHeader2();
cout << "-----------------------------------" << endl;
testHttpHeader3();
cout << "testHttpHeader3-----------------------------------" << endl;
testHttpHeader4();
cout << "testHttpHeader4-----------------------------------" << endl;
testHttpsHeader2();
cout << "testCookie-----------------------------------" << endl;
// testCookie();
// testHttpResponse();
// testEastMoney();
// testHttp2();
// testTC_HTTPClient();
}
catch(exception &ex)
{
cout << ex.what() << endl;
}
return 0;
}