96 lines
3.0 KiB
Java
96 lines
3.0 KiB
Java
package Searches;
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import static java.lang.String.format;
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import java.util.Random;
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import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
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import java.util.stream.IntStream;
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/**
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* The UpperBound method is used to return an index pointing to the first element in the range
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* [first, last) which has a value greater than val, or the last index if no such element exists
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* i.e. the index of the next smallest number just greater than that number. If there are multiple
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* values that are equal to val it returns the index of the first such value.
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*
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* <p>This is an extension of BinarySearch.
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*
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* <p>Worst-case performance O(log n) Best-case performance O(1) Average performance O(log n)
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* Worst-case space complexity O(1)
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*
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* @author Pratik Padalia (https://github.com/15pratik)
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* @see SearchAlgorithm
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* @see BinarySearch
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*/
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class UpperBound implements SearchAlgorithm {
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// Driver Program
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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// Just generate data
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Random r = ThreadLocalRandom.current();
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int size = 100;
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int maxElement = 100000;
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Integer[] integers =
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IntStream.generate(() -> r.nextInt(maxElement))
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.limit(size)
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.sorted()
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.boxed()
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.toArray(Integer[]::new);
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// The element for which the upper bound is to be found
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int val = integers[r.nextInt(size - 1)] + 1;
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UpperBound search = new UpperBound();
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int atIndex = search.find(integers, val);
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System.out.println(
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format(
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"Val: %d. Upper Bound Found %d at index %d. An array length %d",
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val, integers[atIndex], atIndex, size));
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boolean toCheck = integers[atIndex] > val || integers[size - 1] < val;
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System.out.println(
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format(
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"Upper Bound found at an index: %d. Is greater or max element: %b", atIndex, toCheck));
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}
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/**
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* @param array is an array where the UpperBound value is to be found
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* @param key is an element for which the UpperBound is to be found
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* @param <T> is any comparable type
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* @return index of the UpperBound element
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*/
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@Override
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public <T extends Comparable<T>> int find(T[] array, T key) {
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return search(array, key, 0, array.length - 1);
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}
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/**
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* This method implements the Generic Binary Search
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*
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* @param array The array to make the binary search
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* @param key The number you are looking for
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* @param left The lower bound
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* @param right The upper bound
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* @return the location of the key
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*/
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private <T extends Comparable<T>> int search(T[] array, T key, int left, int right) {
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if (right <= left) {
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return left;
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}
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// find median
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int median = (left + right) >>> 1;
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int comp = key.compareTo(array[median]);
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if (comp < 0) {
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// key is smaller, median position can be a possible solution
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return search(array, key, left, median);
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} else {
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// key we are looking is greater, so we must look on the right of median position
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return search(array, key, median + 1, right);
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}
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}
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}
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