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题目来源于LeetCode上第160号问题:相交链表。题目难度为Easy,目前通过率54.4%。
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##题目描述
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编写一个程序,找到两个单链表相交的起始节点。
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如下面的两个链表:
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![LeetCode图解|160.相交链表](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/1840444-b62ea7eae24bf88e.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
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在节点 c1 开始相交。
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示例 1:
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![LeetCode图解|160.相交链表 示例1](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/1840444-59acbe2575d138b2.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
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```
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输入:intersectVal = 8, listA = [4,1,8,4,5], listB = [5,0,1,8,4,5], skipA = 2, skipB = 3
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输出:Reference of the node with value = 8
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输入解释:相交节点的值为 8 (注意,如果两个链表相交则不能为 0)。从各自的表头开始算起,链表 A 为 [4,1,8,4,5],链表 B 为 [5,0,1,8,4,5]。在 A 中,相交节点前有 2 个节点;在 B 中,相交节点前有 3 个节点。
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```
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注意:
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- 如果两个链表没有交点,返回 null。
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- 在返回结果后,两个链表仍须保持原有的结构。
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- 可假定整个链表结构中没有循环。
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- 程序尽量满足 O(n) 时间复杂度,且仅用 O(1) 内存。
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##题目解析
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为满足题目时间复杂度和空间复杂度的要求,我们可以使用双指针法。
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- 创建两个指针pA和pB分别指向链表的头结点headA和headB。
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- 当pA到达链表的尾部时,将它重新定位到链表B的头结点headB,同理,当pB到达链表的尾部时,将它重新定位到链表A的头结点headA。
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- 当pA与pB相等时便是两个链表第一个相交的结点。
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这里其实就是相当于把两个链表拼在一起了。pA指针是按B链表拼在A链表后面组成的新链表遍历,而pB指针是按A链表拼在B链表后面组成的新链表遍历。举个简单的例子:
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A链表:{1,2,3,4}
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B链表:{6,3,4}
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pA按新拼接的链表{1,2,3,4,6,3,4}遍历
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pB按新拼接的链表{6,3,4,1,2,3,4}遍历
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##动画理解
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![](../Animation/Animation.gif)
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##代码实现
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```
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/**
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* Definition for singly-linked list.
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* struct ListNode {
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* int val;
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* ListNode *next;
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* ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
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* };
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*/
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class Solution {
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public:
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ListNode *getIntersectionNode(ListNode *headA, ListNode *headB) {
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ListNode *pA = headA;
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ListNode *pB = headB;
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while(pA != pB){
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if(pA != NULL){
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pA = pA->next;
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}else{
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pA = headB;
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}
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if(curB != NULL){
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pB = pB->next;
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}else{
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pB = headA;
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}
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}
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return pA;
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}
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};
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```
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##复杂度分析
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- 时间复杂度:O(m+n)。
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- 空间复杂度:O(1)
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