Added same trees algorithm check with a unit test (#3845)

Co-authored-by: Debasish Biswas <debasishbsws.abc@gmail.com>

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/trees/SameTreesCheck.java

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.datastructures.trees;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Deque;
+
+/**
+ * Given 2 binary trees.
+ * This code checks whether they are the same (structurally identical and have the same values) or not.
+ * <p>
+ * Example:
+ * 1. Binary trees:
+ *      1                 1
+ *     / \               / \
+ *    2   3             2   3
+ *   /\   /\           /\   /\
+ *  4  5 6  7         4  5 6  7
+ * These trees are the same, so the code returns 'true'.
+ * <p>
+ * 2. Binary trees:
+ *      1   1
+ *     /     \
+ *    2       2
+ * These trees are NOT the same (the structure differs), so the code returns 'false'.
+ * <p>
+ * This solution implements the breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm.
+ * For each tree we create a queue and iterate the trees using these queues.
+ * On each step we check the nodes for equality, and if the nodes are not the same, return false.
+ * Otherwise, add children nodes to the queues and continue traversing the trees.
+ * <p>
+ * Complexities:
+ * O(N) - time, where N is the number of nodes in a binary tree,
+ * O(N) - space, where N is the number of nodes in a binary tree.
+ *
+ * @author Albina Gimaletdinova on 13/01/2023
+ */
+public class SameTreesCheck {
+    public static boolean check(BinaryTree.Node p, BinaryTree.Node q) {
+        if (p == null && q == null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (p == null || q == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Deque<BinaryTree.Node> q1 = new ArrayDeque<>();
+        Deque<BinaryTree.Node> q2 = new ArrayDeque<>();
+        q1.add(p);
+        q2.add(q);
+        while (!q1.isEmpty() && !q2.isEmpty()) {
+            BinaryTree.Node first = q1.poll();
+            BinaryTree.Node second = q2.poll();
+            // check that some node can be null
+            // if the check is true: both nodes are null or both nodes are not null
+            if (!equalNodes(first, second)) return false;
+
+            if (first != null) {
+                if (!equalNodes(first.left, second.left)) return false;
+                if (first.left != null) {
+                    q1.add(first.left);
+                    q2.add(second.left);
+                }
+
+                if (!equalNodes(first.right, second.right)) return false;
+                if (first.right != null) {
+                    q1.add(first.right);
+                    q2.add(second.right);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean equalNodes(BinaryTree.Node p, BinaryTree.Node q) {
+        if (p == null && q == null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (p == null || q == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return p.data == q.data;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/trees/SameTreesCheckTest.java

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+package com.thealgorithms.datastructures.trees;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * @author Albina Gimaletdinova on 12/01/2023
+ */
+public class SameTreesCheckTest {
+    @Test
+    public void testBothRootsAreNull() {
+        assertTrue(SameTreesCheck.check(null, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOneRootIsNull() {
+        final BinaryTree.Node root = TreeTestUtils.createTree(new Integer[]{100});
+        assertFalse(SameTreesCheck.check(root, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleNodeTreesAreSame() {
+        final BinaryTree.Node p = TreeTestUtils.createTree(new Integer[]{100});
+        final BinaryTree.Node q = TreeTestUtils.createTree(new Integer[]{100});
+        assertTrue(SameTreesCheck.check(p, q));
+    }
+
+    /*
+         1                 1
+        / \               / \
+       2   3             2   3
+      /\   /\           /\   /\
+     4  5 6  7         4  5 6  7
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSameTreesIsSuccessful() {
+        final BinaryTree.Node p = TreeTestUtils.createTree(new Integer[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
+        final BinaryTree.Node q = TreeTestUtils.createTree(new Integer[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
+        assertTrue(SameTreesCheck.check(p, q));
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+         1                 1
+        / \               / \
+       2   3             2   3
+      /\   /\           /\   /
+     4  5 6  7         4  5 6
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSameTreesFails() {
+        final BinaryTree.Node p = TreeTestUtils.createTree(new Integer[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
+        final BinaryTree.Node q = TreeTestUtils.createTree(new Integer[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6});
+        assertFalse(SameTreesCheck.check(p, q));
+    }
+
+    /*
+       1    1
+      /      \
+     2        2
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testTreesWithDifferentStructure() {
+        final BinaryTree.Node p = TreeTestUtils.createTree(new Integer[]{1, 2});
+        final BinaryTree.Node q = TreeTestUtils.createTree(new Integer[]{1, null, 2});
+        assertFalse(SameTreesCheck.check(p, q));
+    }
+}
+